What is ketamine and how is it used?

Ketamine is a drug originally used as a general anesthetic in surgery. It works by inhibiting specific NMDA receptors in the brain that influence pain perception and consciousness. It has been used in low doses to treat treatment-resistant depression and psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. It is typically administered intravenously or as a nasal spray under medical supervision. Its rapid-acting mood-enhancing effect makes it an option for treating severe depression.

Is ketamine addictive?

Yes, it can be addictive, especially when used without medical supervision. Addiction is primarily psychological, with the abuser developing a strong and recurring urge to use the drug to feel detached or escape reality. Chronic use can lead to dependence and difficulty quitting despite the harms. The likelihood of addiction increases with recreational abuse or high doses.

What are the symptoms of ketamine addiction?

Symptoms include a strong desire to use drugs and an inability to stop despite repeated attempts. The person experiences memory and concentration problems, along with significant mood swings such as anxiety or depression. Physical symptoms include insomnia, fatigue, and changes in appetite may also appear.

How can ketamine addiction be treated?

It begins with a gradual cessation of drug use under medical supervision to avoid withdrawal symptoms. Psychotherapy, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), is used to change thoughts and behaviors associated with addiction. Family and social support help promote psychological stability and reduce the likelihood of relapse. In some cases, medication may be used to treat co-existing psychological symptoms such as depression or anxiety. Adherence to a comprehensive treatment plan increases the chances of lasting recovery and a return to everyday life.

Can ketamine be used safely?

Yes, it can be used safely if used under the supervision of a medical professional and within specific doses. It is used in operating rooms as an anesthetic and, at low doses, in the treatment of resistant depression and chronic pain. The doctor monitors the patient’s health to avoid any side effects or signs of psychological dependence.

What are the side effects of ketamine abuse?

Using this drug can cause visual and auditory hallucinations and a feeling of detachment from reality. Some people experience memory and concentration problems, as well as anxiety or depression, after the effects wear off. Physical symptoms include high blood pressure, nausea, and rapid heartbeat. Chronic use can lead to bladder damage and kidney problems. High doses or non-medical use increase the risk of addiction and loss of mental control.